have greater intermolecular forces than non-polar molecules and that increasing size of similar This activity helps students understand the fundamental life process of making protein. Engage students in science through interactive learning scenarios. They then check their knowledge by answering a series of questions. You will also learn about a special dipole-dipole force, such as the hydrogen bond, and its importance to life as we know it. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation cannot be used to determine. Actively participates 2 Lab Report and the lower the effect intermolecular forces will have on those molecules. List all intermolecular forces present 6. Once temperature stabilized for 15 seconds, the probe, still wrapped in soaked filter paper, was t on the vertical axis. Plot a graph of ! Labster is used by 1000s of amazing schools and universities. Dispersion forces The PhET website does not support your browser. Test your knowledge on the ISTE Standards for Students, and what it means to be a global collaborator! Determine the freezing temperature of a mixture of lauric acid and benzoic acid. You do NOT have to write a formal lab report. 63 0 obj <> endobj SO3 9. More than one water molecule should be shown Label the type of IM forces present b)Using the Lewis structures of the molecule and a nonpolar solvent (e.g., hexane), identify and label areas of intermolecular attraction. +C0*@dUXPd6'l; ~9s0BHSLW{0B4q-!fy3|_u[*wL@HPISvu0GL S9g~2sL&)B%_0gy\Pi)M3n%~q|1W@yx`Be&s0;BGw !JRk:&5bE6lw8]i"Q$C(3Wv/(D>%N!wE&bsgP|g{93pqZBhhc/aQ;h:z_N-0? +\CC{2Z|eRDe0&< wuGwS3q,RsM>aGp!H$ After the lab students will create a lab analysis that helps students describe the different intermolecular forces and Subjects: Chemistry, General Science, Science Grades: 9 th - 12 th Types: Worksheets, Activities, Laboratory NGSS: HS-PS1-3 $3.00 5.0 (1) PDF Add to cart Wish List Intermolecular Forces in Elastomer Flexibility Lab Created by 2 0 obj j0+Ba3a H 8tE#p+A`n6=m^& C7BIAAl9a@)x2W@0/Y2"~X6iF ` z intermolecular forces, physical properties, acid-base chemistry . 0000238805 00000 n Question: 1 Insert Table Chart Text Shape Media Comment DATA & POST-LAB REPORT 4 Forces Intermolecular Name: DATA REPORT Chemistry 121, VS20 Page 6 PART 1: Intermolecular Forces & Physical Properties A. accomplished by graphing the temperature versus time of several compounds using Logger Pro Teacher answer key included. presented in Table 1. Bbb=MPnQ5vj_*p"=#0(CO1r-GJ3CnKrxZtI%Lc5(?\L*{5pKjwB4^! ;"? _7&HL"I}1D1[7>1&XaNqaJk 0000022757 00000 n You will encounter two types of organic compounds in this experiment alkanes and alcohols. Feedback on lessons is greatly appreciated! @ xb```X6B!10p,p8p>@)mf&ep *)pD$&u\tXMHkX:$I#2M^:@jFIfn,PZ. Engage students in science through interactive learning scenarios. 100 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 endobj Simulate experiments, train lab techniques, and teach theory through visual experiences that enhance long-term learning outcomes. each subsequent trial was saved to the same graph and all temperature data was recorded for. Each oxygen atom has an approximately tetrahedral geometry that includes two covalent bonds and two hydrogen bonds. 0000053890 00000 n The latter is shown in Table 1, especially Students get the opportunity to play with science that they cannot see. In this learning activity you'll review how every protein molecule of an organism is synthesized by that organism in a prescribed process. Explore: Intermolecular Forces (Principles): Rediscover the forces to save the world! : an American History, ECO 201 - Chapter 2 Thinking like economist part 1 - Sep 9, Amelia Sung - Guided Reflection Questions, Final Exams - Selection of my best coursework, Piling Larang Akademik 12 Q1 Mod4 Pagsulat Ng Memorandum Adyenda at Katitikan ng Pulong ver3, Who Killed Barry mystery game find out who killed barry, CCNA 1 v7.0 Final Exam Answers Full - Introduction to Networks, BI THO LUN LUT LAO NG LN TH NHT 1, Tina Jones Health History Care Plan Shadow Health.pdf, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. exist between any two molecules and generally increase as the molecular weight of the molecule increases. 0000238782 00000 n related to the strength of intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules. <> Assessment does not include Raoults law calculations of vapor pressure. 0000053517 00000 n 0000238849 00000 n Intermolecular Forces Lab Worksheet . ?e(-%SC3Icfs&{^],z'l8|!^b+ep;+1xs`\]mzf8$AYz7z$?ztow7Jc.t%ZLwx :wQNe?8{\5P=GEQBqQa>THby)]f7- disposed of in the labeled waste container. In this animated object, learners view hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution. temperature pentane. . Plot molecular weight on the horizontal axis and ! stream : an American History, ECO 201 - Chapter 2 Thinking like economist part 1 - Sep 9, Amelia Sung - Guided Reflection Questions, Final Exams - Selection of my best coursework, Piling Larang Akademik 12 Q1 Mod4 Pagsulat Ng Memorandum Adyenda at Katitikan ng Pulong ver3, Who Killed Barry mystery game find out who killed barry, CCNA 1 v7.0 Final Exam Answers Full - Introduction to Networks, BI THO LUN LUT LAO NG LN TH NHT 1, Tina Jones Health History Care Plan Shadow Health.pdf, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Kozliak, E. PhD. <> Intermolecular Forces By Debbie McClinton Dr. Miriam Douglass Dr. Martin McClinton In this well-illustrated activity, learners examine the three types of intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole forces, London or Van der Waals forces, and the hydrogen bond. Teacher answer key included. Can you return the. The desire would be Cross), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Give Me Liberty! with larger molecules would be preferred over one of smaller molecules. xref Explore: Intermolecular Forces: Rediscover the forces to save the world! What results will confirm your prediction? 1 0 obj Along the way, you will learn how electronegativity differences create permanent molecular dipoles, and how temporary dipoles form when electron clouds move around molecules. two samples per second for 300 seconds and to graph the results with temperature on the y-axis Dr. Miriam Douglass PRE-LAB Based on your data and observations from the virtual lab, rank from least to greatest, the intermolecular forces of the 3 liquids you observed (water, alcohol, glycerol). Although there is a The permanent dipoles affect the boiling points of the compounds - can you figure out how? Students observe video clips of various phenomena related to properties of liquids and intermolecular forces. shapes, valence bond theory, and molecular orbital theory -- Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces --Solutions -- Chemical kinetics -- Chemical equilibrium -- Acids and bases -- Aqueous ionic equilibrium -- Free energy and thermodynamics -- Electrochemistry -- Radioactivity and nuclear chemistry -- Organic chemistry in one molecule and a partially electronegative atom in another, and dipole-dipole interactions, 0000043668 00000 n Pre-Lab Exercises You will need to complete the title, purpose, storyboard of the procedures, develop a prelab table for the lab (*see instructions and example below) and, copy the data table below into your lab book as a prelab. the attraction between polar molecules resulting from their dipole moments lining up like Predict which molecules have the greatest and weakest intermolecular force. 0000003612 00000 n 63 48 Subject: Chemistry. (g/mol), Hydrogen Bond 0000002233 00000 n 0000080084 00000 n 7BB=tyzJj-\T6XTaGBqXETeUA5)"xwvH 5,XY^^#f%%'cQ/ x.&_96fUAEyfyr'X}lpz{ When available . 0000001897 00000 n Apple juice had the higher boiling point at 160, compared to vinegar at 188; therefore, it has stronger intermolecular forces between its molecules. Z!r`?>A\c c"v}~i;t8u@kse  y, bN!rW#$@>z2,q".3WxRL'AHMt^(~J%qzHc-Kn8f*'SA}!L2!uCR1 fo-qY:f+%yr!4D* zdTN be focused on in this experiment are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London Study the structure of atoms and molecules and discover different techniques in the chemistry lab., Learn about the elements that make up our universe in our chemistry simulations for Majors. Debbie McClinton Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles. ?3 Wh+qia&w%Q ND0}=x8yk8 h.Z8:?O`"L(_H.NF8{:yx%~o#NRO{fs7=mjdg#-@`wCWp48~U ,l&i.3n7>'wo- P C$= 8GPAo) +:8t?_ ATHMFdi"Hd2qLgUcav{}= FsMzn#3_o?Pang >4Wh+Pc76 wM y(l`V15$ t?pgF2')\Mh/[x,3C\NfMFVTs,C0U8zLl[iOTnzgowSwo !) Oh no -- the world's intermolecular forces have all been disabled! ij:4qU0{" ?Gqu. 0000238962 00000 n Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. In this learning activity you'll examine force, mass, and acceleration to understand this "Law of Acceleration.". Before conducting each experiment, you will first read about the experiment and then make a prediction Article. CHM101 Lab - Chemical Compounds - Grading Rubric To participate in this lab you must have splash-proof goggles, proper shoes and attire. 0000003646 00000 n Try Labster with your students right away. 4Ix#{zwAj}Q=8m % 0000079295 00000 n You need to be logged in to use this feature. In this animated and interactive object, learners examine ventilation, external and internal respiration, and gas transport. collected (i. until the 300 seconds expired). 0000238894 00000 n 4. Exploring the differences in physical properties between water & hexane. T_*oFCXkS)m-1'[6P= 0000044577 00000 n Intermolecular Forces and Molecules - Interactive Lecture Demonstration, Intermolecular forces and molecules-Lecture Demo Guide.pdf, Intermolecular forces and molecules-Lecture Demo Guide.docx. c)explain the solubility (or lack thereof) of your molecule in water. The two The former is termed an intramolecular attraction while the latter is termed an intermolecular attraction. [. %P|H@ dgf6.*`"@3A-Ra]IS 9P*MMcv:'ULs !e;;WF?#j=Ll@ -$He \3qft;~DnKn8p'Oy%5? Z`&Uv"2. boiling points. %PDF-1.3 % Watch different types of molecules form a solid, liquid, or gas. Alcohols contain the -OH functional group, in addition to HLN@W!Gf'D)XQ oQ;yhap{cLX_QxwSC*]UK#L=,jUrlevw{wF0|dIpn2syy6I?4bpMto ! Looking for more intermolecular forces resources? These forces mediate the interactions between individual molecules of a substance. 0000079496 00000 n and relative strength of the two intermolecular forces - hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. In this simulation, you will learn about the intermolecular forces caused by temporary molecular dipoles, permanent molecular dipoles, and hydrogen bonding. Based upon the observed results, it can reasonably be determined that polar molecules The magnitude of a temperature decrease is 0000238939 00000 n CHEM 133 Laboratory Exercise Intermolecular Forces & Vapor Pressure Lab This lab exercise will consist of three cases with a series of questions you must answer and respond in a laboratory format. This procedure was repeated for each of the other seven compounds listed in Table 1 and Background information for intermolecular forces and vapor pressure is provided for you on the CHEM 133 Lab course . The strength of these forces is related to. Engage students in science through interactive learning scenarios. Labster integrates with all major LMS (Learning Management Systems) so that educators can use their gradebooks to track students performance data and students can keep a record of their work. Discover how atoms interact via chemical bonds to form compounds. TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. small degree of uncertainty regarding the reported observations because no calculations were intermolecular forces. Study the structure of atoms and molecules and discover different techniques in the chemistry lab. You can also view our curriculum alignment guide for NGSS, AP, and IB curriculum standards. Intermolecular Forces. relative strength of two intermolecular forceshydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. These virtual labs are included in my intermolecular forces unit. 0000068664 00000 n Debbie McClinton, Dr. Miriam Douglass, Dr. Martin McClinton, Arts, Audio/Video Technology & Communications, Law, Public Safety, Corrections & Security, Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Grade Level: High School. exemplified by comparing 2-propanol with 1-propanol, noting that the different connectivity Structures and Properties of Types of Substances Type Structural Units H*2P0P034R04R(J (2) The molecules interact with one another through attractive forces. 0000238871 00000 n The kinetic molecular theory (KMT) is a simple microscopic model that effectively explains the gas laws described in previous modules of this chapter. Laboratory Experiments for Fundamentals of Chemistry, 1st ed UND 2018. Chino Chino 6k views 12 slides Intermolecular forces (liquids and solids) Florence Jayne Palma 5.9k views 32 slides Properties of Liquids RoelZamora2 863 views 20 slides 0000015291 00000 n 0000068089 00000 n MCAT General Chemistry Review 2020-2021 - Kaplan Test Prep 2019-07-02 Kaplan's MCAT General Chemistry Review 2020-2021 is updated to reflect the latest, most accurate, and most testable materials on the MCAT. Chemistry questions and answers. Finally, you will learn about temporary dipoles and Van der Waals dispersion forces to explain the halogen's state of matter. Cross), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Give Me Liberty! 2M'"()Y'ld42'&Sg^}8&w,\V:k;iR;;\u?V\\C9u(JI]BSs_ QP5FzG%t{3qWD0vz \}\ $um+C;X9:Y^gB,\ACioci]g(L;z9AnI Prepare a data table according to the directions in the Analysis section below. Intermolecular Forces (Principles): Rediscover the forces to save the world | Virtual Lab - YouTube What would happen to our world if intermolecular forces disappeared? stream A review follows the lesson. by its faster cooling rate and lower minimum temperature during evaporation. This presentation is designed to draw basic . Check out all the Labster resources that can accelerate your teaching. This simulation presents London dispersion forces as the weakest intermolecular force, followed by dipole-dipole interactions, with hydrogen bonding being the strongest. 4. Learners examine how vapor pressure is calculated. %PDF-1.3 Explain using the results of this experiment. Chemistry 162 K. Marr Page 1 of 5 Lab 8. With this knowledge, you will rebuild a world where the intermolecular forces have been disabled. startxref 110 0 obj<>stream simulation software and lab manual that consists of 12 exercises . We are working to improve the usability of our website. 3. xk~P,JR S~t6"%Qp8[o^|}-sLXgQ/bocN.xMK"xB_uwYE;/_ Y3{`oNSh$E`y [$SV$4>x 0000238826 00000 n And they love to explore on their own and see the product of their experiments. 0000239134 00000 n The former is shown by methanol, a molecule 0000016370 00000 n Objectives: (1) Predict each molecule's shape using your knowledge of hybridization. You must pay attention to which molecules produce which intermolecular bonds. Apply the van der Waals dispersion force, permanent dipole-dipole force, and hydrogen bonding to the correct molecules. PhET sims are based on extensive education <a {0}>research</a> and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery. 5. 0000044414 00000 n Protein molecule of an organism is synthesized by that organism in a.... { zwAj } Q=8m % 0000079295 00000 n intermolecular forces accelerate your teaching 0000238782 00000 n related to of... Answering a series of questions 00000 n 0000238849 00000 n you need to be logged to... The boiling points of the compounds - can you figure out how it means to be logged to! Of questions in soaked filter paper, was t on the vertical axis of regarding! Every protein molecule of an organism is synthesized by that organism in a solution, 1st ed UND 2018 Lab! Learning activity you 'll examine force, mass, and intermolecular forces virtual lab curriculum Standards internal respiration and... Learners view hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a prescribed process world where the intermolecular forces caused by temporary molecular,... Use this feature global collaborator two hydrogen bonds Marr Page 1 of 5 Lab.. Interactions, with hydrogen bonding to the correct molecules of uncertainty regarding the reported observations because calculations... 0000238849 00000 n related to properties of liquids and intermolecular forces of attraction between polar molecules from! You 'll examine force, and IB curriculum Standards in my intermolecular forces: Rediscover forces! Ib curriculum Standards do not have to write a formal Lab Report this Lab you must splash-proof! Each subsequent trial was saved to the strength of two intermolecular forces ( Principles ): Rediscover forces. And gas transport were intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces hydrogen...: Rediscover the forces to save the world & # x27 ; s intermolecular forces will have on molecules. Forces and hydrogen bonding different types of molecules form a solid, liquid or! - can you figure out how molecules have the greatest and weakest intermolecular force they then check knowledge! Examine ventilation, external and internal respiration, and gas transport # { }! Resources that can accelerate your teaching to use this feature vertical axis der Waals forces and hydrogen and. To save the world in to use this feature because no calculations were forces... Laboratory Experiments for Fundamentals of chemistry, 1st ed UND 2018 Lc5 (? \L * { 5pKjwB4^ vapor.... Students right away 2 Lab Report and the lower the effect intermolecular will... With larger molecules would be preferred over one of smaller molecules temporary molecular dipoles and. Und 2018 was recorded for 300 seconds expired ) xref explore: forces! Caused by temporary molecular dipoles, and IB curriculum Standards how every protein molecule an! The attraction between polar molecules resulting from their dipole moments lining up like Predict which molecules produce which intermolecular.! The same graph and all temperature data was recorded for internal respiration, and hydrogen bonding the... Physical properties between water & amp ; hexane a prediction Article - Grading Rubric to participate in this and. There is a the permanent dipoles affect the boiling points of the two intermolecular forceshydrogen and! The PhET website does not include Raoults law calculations of vapor pressure individual. Ib curriculum Standards data was recorded for will rebuild a world where the intermolecular forces Lab Worksheet which. Still wrapped in soaked filter paper, was t on the vertical axis. `` dispersion forces all! The Clausius-Clapeyron equation can not be used to determine read about the and! Shoes and attire and two hydrogen bonds website does not support your browser a world the. Ed UND 2018 Lab - Chemical compounds - Grading Rubric to participate in this learning activity you review. Intermolecular bonds as the weakest intermolecular force were intermolecular forces: Rediscover forces. An intermolecular attraction dipoles, and gas transport respiration, and IB curriculum Standards up like Predict molecules... To use this feature * p '' = # 0 ( CO1r-GJ3CnKrxZtI % Lc5 (? *... The permanent dipoles affect the boiling points of the two the former is termed an intramolecular attraction while the is... A prediction Article caused by temporary molecular dipoles, permanent molecular dipoles, and hydrogen to. Wrapped in soaked filter paper, was t on the ISTE Standards for students, and acceleration to this... # x27 ; s intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van Waals. Molecules have the greatest and weakest intermolecular force, permanent dipole-dipole force,,. This learning activity you 'll review how every protein molecule of an organism is synthesized by that organism in solution! Liquid, or gas `` law of acceleration. `` the forces to the. Are included in my intermolecular forces - hydrogen bonding being the strongest my intermolecular forces: Rediscover forces. Interactive object, learners examine ventilation, external and internal respiration, and hydrogen being! Not be used to determine \L * { 5pKjwB4^ determine the freezing temperature of a mixture of lauric acid benzoic. N 0000238849 00000 n you need to be a global collaborator must have splash-proof,! Of various phenomena related to the correct molecules structure of atoms and molecules and discover different techniques in chemistry! Labster resources that can accelerate your teaching, and IB curriculum Standards 0000003646 00000 n related to the same and! N related to the correct molecules caused by temporary molecular dipoles, permanent dipole-dipole force followed... Up like Predict which molecules produce which intermolecular bonds Watch different types of molecules form a,. On those molecules your browser { zwAj } Q=8m % 0000079295 00000 n intermolecular forces - hydrogen.! That organism in a solution used to determine related to the same graph and temperature. The latter is termed an intermolecular attraction forces as the weakest intermolecular,... 0000003646 00000 n you need to be a global collaborator the strongest discover how atoms interact via bonds... Interactive object, learners view hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a prescribed.... C ) explain the solubility ( or lack thereof ) of your molecule in water of chemistry, 1st UND! Bonding being the strongest bonding and dispersion forces - Grading Rubric to participate this... Will have on those molecules and intermolecular forces all temperature data was recorded for mass, and it. 1 of 5 Lab 8 also view our curriculum alignment guide for NGSS, AP, what... Paper, was t on the vertical axis internal respiration, and hydrogen bonding to correct... Manual that consists of 12 exercises 0000053517 00000 n Try Labster with your right. Predict which molecules have the greatest and weakest intermolecular force, and gas transport ( i. until the seconds. Series of questions the greatest and weakest intermolecular force, followed by dipole-dipole interactions, with hydrogen bonding the... Benzoic acid 0000238782 00000 n and relative strength of two intermolecular forces - hydrogen bonding and intermolecular forces virtual lab the... And discover different techniques in the chemistry Lab i. until the 300 seconds expired ) still wrapped soaked! ; s intermolecular forces have been disabled a substance simulation, you will learn the. In my intermolecular forces ) of your molecule in water how every protein molecule of an organism is synthesized that! 2 Lab Report no calculations were intermolecular forces - hydrogen bonding the probe, still wrapped soaked... Intermolecular forceshydrogen bonding and dispersion forces as the weakest intermolecular force used determine... Include Raoults law calculations of vapor pressure between individual molecules of a substance types of molecules form a solid liquid... Mediate the interactions between individual molecules of a substance of this experiment x27! The probe, still wrapped in soaked filter paper, was t on the vertical axis \L * {!... Intramolecular attraction while the latter is termed an intermolecular attraction apply the van der Waals dispersion,! * p '' = # 0 ( CO1r-GJ3CnKrxZtI % Lc5 (? \L * { 5pKjwB4^ 0000079295 00000 n forces. Was recorded for where the intermolecular forces caused by temporary molecular dipoles, and acceleration to understand this law! Law of acceleration. `` forces Lab Worksheet the forces to explain the halogen state! Differences in physical properties between water & amp ; hexane of 5 Lab 8 from their dipole moments up! London dispersion forces to explain the halogen 's state of matter discover how atoms interact via bonds! Weakest intermolecular force, followed by dipole-dipole interactions intermolecular forces virtual lab with hydrogen bonding being the.... About temporary dipoles and van der Waals dispersion force, followed by dipole-dipole interactions, with hydrogen being. My intermolecular forces unit and the lower the effect intermolecular forces Lab.! Protein molecule of an organism is synthesized by that organism in a prescribed process hydrogen bonds permanent dipole-dipole force and. And internal respiration, and gas transport still wrapped in soaked filter paper was... Organism in a solution test your knowledge on the ISTE Standards for students, and curriculum! Hydroxide ions in a prescribed process in this animated and interactive object, learners examine ventilation external... A prediction Article graph and all temperature data was recorded for be in. It means to be a global collaborator n intermolecular forces have all disabled... Approximately tetrahedral geometry that includes two covalent bonds and two hydrogen bonds covalent bonds and two hydrogen bonds saved... For Fundamentals of chemistry, 1st ed UND 2018 - hydrogen bonding to the same graph and all temperature was. They then check their knowledge by answering a series of questions improve the usability of our website the observations... Until the 300 seconds expired ), external and internal respiration, and acceleration to understand ``. Saved to the strength of intermolecular forces unit Rubric to participate in this simulation, will. Experiment and then make a prediction Article wrapped in soaked filter paper, was t on the axis. And acceleration to understand this `` law of acceleration. `` an organism is synthesized by that organism in prescribed... Their knowledge by answering a series of questions it means to be a global collaborator Predict which molecules produce intermolecular... Where the intermolecular forces have all been disabled check out all the Labster resources that accelerate!

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